Adding borders to GridPane JavaFX

Question

I am creating a board game in JavaFX using GridPane.

There are 7 different animations which could be placed in each grid (cell) of the grid.

Initially the grid looks like this

I tested adding a simple circle to it before programming my animation insertions. And it looks like this

The nodes added are SubScenes which include TimeLine animation. Each cell size is 40x40 and the SubScene size is also 40x40.

The subscenes when added, get on top of the gridpane border lines and it doesn't look good.

What can I do so that the nodes are added below the grid lines? i.e. the gridlines are on top of the nodes.

If it is not possible with GridPane, is there anything else I can use?

class which i execute for the game

class Game {
    static GridPane grid;
    public void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {
        int rows = 5;
        int columns = 5;

        stage.setTitle("Enjoy your game");
        grid = new GridPane();
        for(int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
            ColumnConstraints column = new ColumnConstraints(40);
            grid.getColumnConstraints().add(column);
        }

        for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            RowConstraints row = new RowConstraints(40);
            grid.getRowConstraints().add(row);
        }

        grid.setOnMouseReleased(new EventHandler<MouseEvent> () {
            public void handle(MouseEvent me) {
                grid.add(Anims.getAnim(1), (int)((me.getSceneX() - (me.getSceneX() % 40)) / 40), (int)((me.getSceneY() - (me.getSceneY() % 40)) / 40)); //here the getAnim argument could be between 1-7
            }
        });

        grid.setStyle("-fx-background-color: white; -fx-grid-lines-visible: true");
        Scene scene = new Scene(grid, (columns * 40) + 100, (rows * 40) + 100, Color.WHITE);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static void main(final String[] arguments) {
        Application.launch(arguments);
    }
}

class which contains animations, here I am just creating a circle

public class Anims {

    public static SubScene getAnim(final int number) throws Exception {
        Circle circle = new Circle(20, 20f, 7);
        circle.setFill(Color.RED);
        Group group = new Group();
        group.getChildren().add(circle);
        SubScene scene = new SubScene(group, 40, 40);
        scene.setFill(Color.WHITE);
        return scene;
    }
}

Answer 1

Don't use setGridLinesVisible(true): the documentation explicitly states this is for debug only.

Instead, place a pane in all the grid cells (even the empty ones), and style the pane so you see the borders. (This gives you the opportunity to control the borders very carefully, so you can avoid double borders, etc.) Then add the content to each pane. You can also register the mouse listeners with the pane, which means you don't have to do the ugly math to figure out which cell was clicked.

The recommended way to apply a border to any region is to use CSS and a "nested background" approach. In this approach, you draw two (or more) background fills on the region, with different insets, giving the appearance of a border. So for example:

-fx-background-fill: black, white ;
-fx-background-insets: 0, 1 ;

will first draw a black background with no insets, and then over that will draw a white background with insets of 1 pixel on all sides, giving the appearance of a black border of width 1 pixel. While this may seem counter-intuitive, the performance of this is (allegedly) better than specifying border directly. You can also specify a sequence of four values for the insets for each fill, which are interpreted as the insets on the top, right, bottom, and left, respectively. So

-fx-background-fill: black, white ;
-fx-background-insets: 0, 0 1 1 0 ;

has the effect of a black border on the right and bottom, etc.

I'm also not sure SubScene is what you really want, unless you are intending attaching different cameras to each cell. If you really need a subscene, make the fill transparent to avoid drawing over the edges of the cell. You could just add the Group directly to each cell (you could probably just add the circle, depending on exactly what you need...).

Something like:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.ColumnConstraints;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.RowConstraints;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Game2 extends Application{
    @Override
    public void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {
        int rows = 5;
        int columns = 5;

        stage.setTitle("Enjoy your game");

        GridPane grid = new GridPane();
        grid.getStyleClass().add("game-grid");

        for(int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
            ColumnConstraints column = new ColumnConstraints(40);
            grid.getColumnConstraints().add(column);
        }

        for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            RowConstraints row = new RowConstraints(40);
            grid.getRowConstraints().add(row);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < rows; j++) {
                Pane pane = new Pane();
                pane.setOnMouseReleased(e -> {
                    pane.getChildren().add(Anims.getAtoms(1));
                });
                pane.getStyleClass().add("game-grid-cell");
                if (i == 0) {
                    pane.getStyleClass().add("first-column");
                }
                if (j == 0) {
                    pane.getStyleClass().add("first-row");
                }
                grid.add(pane, i, j);
            }
        }


        Scene scene = new Scene(grid, (columns * 40) + 100, (rows * 40) + 100, Color.WHITE);
        scene.getStylesheets().add("game.css");
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    public static class Anims {

        public static Node getAtoms(final int number) {
            Circle circle = new Circle(20, 20f, 7);
            circle.setFill(Color.RED);
            Group group = new Group();
            group.getChildren().add(circle);
//            SubScene scene = new SubScene(group, 40, 40);
//            scene.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
            return group;
        }
    }

    public static void main(final String[] arguments) {
        Application.launch(arguments);
    }
}

and the css:

.game-grid {
    -fx-background-color: white ;
    -fx-padding: 10 ;
}
.game-grid-cell {
    -fx-background-color: black, white ;
    -fx-background-insets: 0, 0 1 1 0 ;
}
.game-grid-cell.first-row {
    -fx-background-insets: 0, 1 1 1 0 ;
}
.game-grid-cell.first-column {
    -fx-background-insets: 0, 0 1 1 1 ;
}
.game-grid-cell.first-row.first-column {
    -fx-background-insets: 0, 1 ;
}

Answer 2

Simply add an H and V gap of one pixel width and let the grid pane's background color "shine" through:

.my-grid-pane {
    -fx-background-color: lightgray;
    -fx-vgap: 1;
    -fx-hgap: 1;
    -fx-padding: 1;
}

If the grid pane's background color spreads from outside more than one pixel (will happen if its parent is larger than itself), just wrap the grid in a Group!

Answer 3

I apologize for the response instead of the comment, not enough reputation.

Strangely, but @James_D 's response didn't help me; when the window was resized, the cell borders randomly changed their width, overlapping each other.

This answer helped solve the problem, so by slightly changing the code given by @James_D (only the .css file), we get:

.classes-grid {
    -fx-background-color: white ;
    -fx-padding: 10 ;
}
.classes-grid-cell {
    -fx-border-color: dimgray;
    -fx-border-width: 0 1 1 0;
    -fx-background-color: transparent;
}
.classes-grid-cell.first-row {
    -fx-border-width: 1 1 1 0 ;
}
.classes-grid-cell.first-column {
    -fx-border-width: 0 1 1 1 ;
}
.classes-grid-cell.first-row.first-column {
    -fx-border-width: 1 ;
}

Answer 4

Same idea with Mordechai's answer. But if you want to set these things by JavaFX code, not CSS stylesheet. Then you can do sth like this:
Set up the Hgap and Vgap: gridpane.setHgap(1) and gridpane.setVgap(1)
Set up the background color: gridpane.setBackground(new Background(new BackgroundFill(Color.rgb(0,0,0), new CornerRadii(2.5), new Insets(-1.0))))
(CornerRadii and Insets value depends on your choice, background color determined by rgb value)