Stuck at Could not build wheels for cryptography which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

Question

Upgraded pip command still having this message. I am trying to install django-allauth. The following error is generated while using pip install django-allauth (venv) C:\Users\Tubai\PycharmProjects\food>pip install django-allauth Collecting django-allauth Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/70/8c/18e9fd164b0e1e578995cf916da49a074b22a629a71c6017455d1ba151e1/django-allauth-0.44.0.tar.gz Requirement already satisfied: Django>=2.0 in c:\users\tubai\documents\pycharmprojects\ldjangocrash\venv\lib\site-packages (from django-allauth) (3.1.7) Collecting python3-openid>=3.0.8 (from django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/a5/c6ba13860bdf5525f1ab01e01cc667578d6f1efc8a1dba355700fb04c29b/python3_openid-3.2.0-py3-none-any.whl Collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.3.0 (from django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/12/b92740d845ab62ea4edf04d2f4164d82532b5a0b03836d4d4e71c6f3d379/requests_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting requests (from django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/c1/24814557f1d22c56d50280771a17307e6bf87b70727d975fd6b2ce6b014a/requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pyjwt[crypto]>=1.7 (from django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3f/32/d5d3cab27fee7f6b22d7cd7507547ae45d52e26030fa77d1f83d0526c6e5/PyJWT-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: asgiref<4,>=3.2.10 in c:\users\tubai\documents\pycharmprojects\ldjangocrash\venv\lib\site-packages (from Django>=2.0->django-allauth) (3.3.1) Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\users\tubai\documents\pycharmprojects\ldjangocrash\venv\lib\site-packages (from Django>=2.0->django-allauth) (2021.1) Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in c:\users\tubai\documents\pycharmprojects\ldjangocrash\venv\lib\site-packages (from Django>=2.0->django-allauth) (0.4.1) Collecting defusedxml (from python3-openid>=3.0.8->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/6c/aa3f2f849e01cb6a001cd8554a88d4c77c5c1a31c95bdf1cf9301e6d9ef4/defusedxml-0.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0 (from requests-oauthlib>=0.3.0->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/57/ce2e7a8fa7c0afb54a0581b14a65b56e62b5759dbc98e80627142b8a3704/oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2 (from requests->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/19/c7/fa589626997dd07bd87d9269342ccb74b1720384a4d739a1872bd84fbe68/chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 (from requests->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0c/cd/1e2ec680ec7b09846dc6e605f5a7709dfb9d7128e51a026e7154e18a234e/urllib3-1.26.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5e/a0/5f06e1e1d463903cf0c0eebeb751791119ed7a4b3737fdc9a77f1cdfb51f/certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting idna<3,>=2.5 (from requests->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/38/928ddce2273eaa564f6f50de919327bf3a00f091b5baba8dfa9460f3a8a8/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cryptography<4.0.0,>=3.3.1; extra == "crypto" (from pyjwt[crypto]>=1.7->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9b/77/461087a514d2e8ece1c975d8216bc03f7048e6090c5166bc34115afdaa53/cryptography-3.4.7.tar.gz Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Preparing wheel metadata ... done Collecting cffi>=1.12 (from cryptography<4.0.0,>=3.3.1; extra == "crypto"->pyjwt[crypto]>=1.7->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c6/92/9188a1dff4934d0bd18df7f92dc481324b3342814cea34849b393ea2d232/cffi-1.14.5-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography<4.0.0,>=3.3.1; extra == "crypto"->pyjwt[crypto]>=1.7->django-allauth) Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e7/d9c3a176ca4b02024debf82342dab36efadfc5776f9c8db077e8f6e71821/pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography Building wheel for cryptography (PEP 517) ... error Complete output from command C:\Users\Tubai\Documents\PycharmProjects\ldjangocrash\venv\Scripts\python.exe c:\users\tubai\documents\pycharmprojects\ldjangocrash\venv\lib\site-packages\pip -19.0.3-py3.7.egg\pip_vendor\pep517_in_process.py build_wheel C:\Users\Tubai\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpw0h2fd70: running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7 creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography copying src\cryptography\exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography copying src\cryptography\fernet.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography copying src\cryptography\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography copying src\cryptography_about_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography copying src\cryptography_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat copying src\cryptography\hazmat_der.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat copying src\cryptography\hazmat_oid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat copying src\cryptography\hazmat_types.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat copying src\cryptography\hazmat_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\certificate_transparency.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\extensions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\general_name.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\name.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\ocsp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509\oid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 copying src\cryptography\x509_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\x509 creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\interfaces.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\cmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\constant_time.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\hashes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\hmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\keywrap.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\padding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\poly1305.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives_asymmetric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives_cipheralgorithm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives_serialization.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\aead.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\backend.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ciphers.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\cmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\decode_asn1.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\dh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\dsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ed25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ed448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\encode_asn1.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\hashes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\hmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ocsp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\poly1305.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\rsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x509.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl\binding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl_conditional.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\dh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\dsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ed25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ed448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\padding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\rsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\x25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\x448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\aead.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\algorithms.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\modes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\concatkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\hkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\kbkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\pbkdf2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\scrypt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\x963kdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\pkcs12.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\pkcs7.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\ssh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\hotp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\totp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor running egg_info writing src\cryptography.egg-info\PKG-INFO writing dependency_links to src\cryptography.egg-info\dependency_links.txt writing requirements to src\cryptography.egg-info\requires.txt writing top-level names to src\cryptography.egg-info\top_level.txt reading manifest file 'src\cryptography.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' no previously-included directories found matching 'docs_build' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'vectors' warning: no previously-included files matching '' found under directory 'vectors' warning: no previously-included files matching '' found under directory '.github' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'release.py' warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml' warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'dev-requirements.txt' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini' warning: no previously-included files found matching 'mypy.ini' warning: no previously-included files matching '' found under directory '.zuul.d' warning: no previously-included files matching '' found under directory '.zuul.playbooks' adding license file 'LICENSE' adding license file 'LICENSE.APACHE' adding license file 'LICENSE.BSD' adding license file 'LICENSE.PSF' writing manifest file 'src\cryptography.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' copying src\cryptography\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cryptography running build_ext generating cffi module 'build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\_padding.c' creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7 creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release generating cffi module 'build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\_openssl.c' running build_rust

      =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
      If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
      successfully install cryptography:
      1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
         users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
      2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html for specific
         instructions for your platform.
      3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
         https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq.html
      4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
         https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#rust
      5) If you are experiencing issues with Rust for *this release only* you may
         set the environment variable `CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1`.
      =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================

  error: can't find Rust compiler

  If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the n
eed for a Rust compiler.

  To update pip, run:

      pip install --upgrade pip

  and then retry package installation.

  If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustu
p (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.

  This package requires Rust >=1.41.0.

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for cryptography
  Running setup.py clean for cryptography
  Complete output from command C:\Users\Tubai\Documents\PycharmProjects\ldjangocrash\venv\Scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\Tubai\\AppData\\Local\\T
emp\\pip-install-fq61nc2j\\cryptography\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" clean --a
ll:
  running clean
  removing 'build\temp.win-amd64-3.7' (and everything under it)
  removing 'build\lib.win-amd64-3.7' (and everything under it)
  'build\bdist.win-amd64' does not exist -- can't clean it
  'build\scripts-3.7' does not exist -- can't clean it
  removing 'build'
  running clean_rust
  error: can't find Rust compiler

  If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the n
eed for a Rust compiler.

  To update pip, run:

      pip install --upgrade pip

  and then retry package installation.

  If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustu
p (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.

  This package requires Rust >=1.41.0.

      =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
      If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
      successfully install cryptography:
      1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
         users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
      2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html for specific
         instructions for your platform.
      3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
         https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq.html
      4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
         https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#rust
      5) If you are experiencing issues with Rust for *this release only* you may
         set the environment variable `CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1`.
      =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================


  ----------------------------------------
  Failed cleaning build dir for cryptography
Failed to build cryptography
Could not build wheels for cryptography which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

Answer 1

cryptography recently changed its dependencies to include Rust. There are a number of longer discussions on this topic (e.g. https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/5771), but upgrading to the latest version of pip is likely to fix your issue.

pip install --upgrade pip

If that doesn't work, have you tried all of the suggestions in the "DEBUG ASSISTANCE" section of the logs you pasted into your question?

Answer 2

For me, upgrading pip helped solve the issue on M1 Mac Monterrey.

pip3 install --upgrade pip