'why does have in error in undefined symbols?
I'm trying to use a 4x4_keypad.h, LCD_16x2_4bit.h and osc_config.h to get my 4x4_keypad.c, Calculator.c and LCD_16x2_4bit.c cleaner and tidied up. But I get many errors that me and my colleagues can't understand or solve.
Would some please be so kind and give me a hint what I could have done wrong?
I'm using MPLAB X IDE 6.00 and MPLAB XC8 for my PIC18F4550.
//4x4_keypad.h
##ifndef KEYPAD_H
#define KEYPAD_H
#include <xc.h>
#define write_port LATD
#define read_port PORTD
unsigned char col_loc,rowloc,temp_col;
unsigned char keypad[4][4]= {'7','8','9','/',
'4','5','6','*',
'1','2','3','-',
' ','0','=','+'};
/********************************Keypad Function*******************************/
unsigned char keyfind();
#endif /* 4X4_KEYPAD_H */
//LCD_16x2_4bit.h
#ifndef LCD_16X2_4BIT_H
#define LCD_16X2_4BIT_H
#include <xc.h>
/*********************Definition of Ports********************************/
#define RS LATB0 /*PIN 0 of PORTA is assigned for register select Pin of LCD*/
#define EN LATB1 /*PIN 1 of PORTA is assigned for enable Pin of LCD */
#define ldata LATB /*PORTB(PB4-PB7) is assigned for LCD Data Output*/
/*********************Proto-Type Declaration*****************************/
void MSdelay(unsigned int ); /*Generate delay in ms*/
void lcd_init(); /*Initialize LCD*/
void lcd_command(unsigned char ); /*Send command to LCD*/
void lcd_data(unsigned char x); /*Send data to LCD*/
void lcd_print(char *); /*Display data string on LCD*/
void lcd_clr(); /*Clear LCD Screen*/
#endif /* LCD_16X2_4BIT_H */
//osc_config.h
// PIC18F4550 Configuration Bit Settings
// 'C' source line config statements
#include <xc.h>
#define itoa
// #pragma config statements should precede project file includes.
// Use project enums instead of #define for ON and OFF.
// CONFIG1L
//#pragma config PLLDIV = 1 // PLL Prescaler Selection bits (No prescale (4 MHz oscillator input drives PLL directly))
//#pragma config CPUDIV = OSC1_PLL2// System Clock Postscaler Selection bits ([Primary Oscillator Src: /1][96 MHz PLL Src: /2])
//#pragma config USBDIV = 1 // USB Clock Selection bit (used in Full-Speed USB mode only; UCFG:FSEN = 1) (USB clock source comes directly from the primary oscillator block with no postscale)
// CONFIG1H
#pragma config FOSC = INTOSC_EC // Oscillator Selection bits (Internal oscillator, CLKO function on RA6, EC used by USB (INTCKO))
#pragma config FCMEN = OFF // Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit (Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled)
#pragma config IESO = OFF // Internal/External Oscillator Switchover bit (Oscillator Switchover mode disabled)
// CONFIG2L
#pragma config PWRT = OFF // Power-up Timer Enable bit (PWRT disabled)
#pragma config BOR = ON // Brown-out Reset Enable bits (Brown-out Reset enabled in hardware only (SBOREN is disabled))
#pragma config BORV = 3 // Brown-out Reset Voltage bits (Minimum setting)
#pragma config VREGEN = OFF // USB Voltage Regulator Enable bit (USB voltage regulator disabled)
// CONFIG2H
#pragma config WDT = OFF // Watchdog Timer Enable bit (WDT disabled (control is placed on the SWDTEN bit))
#pragma config WDTPS = 32768 // Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits (1:32768)
// CONFIG3H
#pragma config CCP2MX = ON // CCP2 MUX bit (CCP2 input/output is multiplexed with RC1)
#pragma config PBADEN = ON // PORTB A/D Enable bit (PORTB<4:0> pins are configured as analog input channels on Reset)
#pragma config LPT1OSC = OFF // Low-Power Timer 1 Oscillator Enable bit (Timer1 configured for higher power operation)
#pragma config MCLRE = OFF // MCLR Pin Enable bit (RE3 input pin enabled; MCLR pin disabled)
// CONFIG4L
#pragma config STVREN = ON // Stack Full/Underflow Reset Enable bit (Stack full/underflow will cause Reset)
#pragma config LVP = OFF // Single-Supply ICSP Enable bit (Single-Supply ICSP disabled)
#pragma config ICPRT = OFF // Dedicated In-Circuit Debug/Programming Port (ICPORT) Enable bit (ICPORT disabled)
#pragma config XINST = OFF // Extended Instruction Set Enable bit (Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode))
// CONFIG5L
#pragma config CP0 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) is not code-protected)
#pragma config CP1 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) is not code-protected)
#pragma config CP2 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) is not code-protected)
#pragma config CP3 = OFF // Code Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) is not code-protected)
// CONFIG5H
#pragma config CPB = OFF // Boot Block Code Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) is not code-protected)
#pragma config CPD = OFF // Data EEPROM Code Protection bit (Data EEPROM is not code-protected)
// CONFIG6L
#pragma config WRT0 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) is not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT1 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) is not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT2 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) is not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT3 = OFF // Write Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) is not write-protected)
// CONFIG6H
#pragma config WRTC = OFF // Configuration Register Write Protection bit (Configuration registers (300000-3000FFh) are not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTB = OFF // Boot Block Write Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) is not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTD = OFF // Data EEPROM Write Protection bit (Data EEPROM is not write-protected)
// CONFIG7L
#pragma config EBTR0 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) is not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR1 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) is not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR2 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) is not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR3 = OFF // Table Read Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) is not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
// CONFIG7H
#pragma config EBTRB = OFF // Boot Block Table Read Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) is not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
//4x4_keypad.c
#include "osc_config.h"
#include "4x4_keypad.h"
#include "LCD_16x2_4bit.h"
unsigned char keyfind()
{
write_port = 0xf0; /*Make lower nibble as low(Gnd) and Higher nibble as High(Vcc)*/
do
{
write_port = 0xF0; /*Make lower nibble as low(Gnd) and Higher nibble as High(Vcc)*/
col_loc = write_port & 0xf0; /*mask port with f0 and copy it to col_loc variable*/
}while(col_loc!=0xf0); /*Check initially at the start there is any key pressed*/
do
{
PORTD = 0xF0;
col_loc = write_port & 0xf0;
}while(col_loc==0xf0); /*Wait for key press*/
MSdelay(20);
col_loc = write_port & 0xf0;
while(1)
{
write_port = 0xfe; /*make Row0(D0) Gnd and keep other row(D1-D3) high*/
col_loc = read_port & 0xf0; /*Read Status of PORT for finding Row*/
temp_col=col_loc;
if(col_loc!=0xf0)
{
rowloc=0; /*If condition satisfied get Row no. of key pressed*/
while(temp_col!=0xf0) /*Monitor the status of Port and Wait for key to release*/
{
temp_col = read_port & 0xf0;/*Read Status of PORT for checking key release or not*/
}
break;
}
write_port = 0xfd; /*make Row1(D1) Gnd and keep other row(D0-D2-D3) high*/
col_loc = read_port & 0xf0; /*Read Status of PORT for finding Row*/
temp_col=col_loc;
if(col_loc!=0xf0)
{
rowloc=1; /*If condition satisfied get Row no. of key pressed*/
while(temp_col!=0xf0) /*Monitor the status of Port and Wait for key to release*/
{
temp_col = read_port & 0xf0;/*Read Status of PORT for checking key release or not*/
}
break;
}
write_port = 0xfb; /*make Row0(D2) Gnd and keep other row(D0-D1-D3) high*/
col_loc = read_port & 0xf0; /*Read Status of PORT for finding Row*/
temp_col=col_loc;
if(col_loc!=0xf0)
{
rowloc=2; /*If condition satisfied get Row no. of key pressed*/
while(temp_col!=0xf0) /*Wait for key to release*/
{
temp_col = read_port & 0xf0;/*Read Status of PORT for checking key release or not*/
}
break;
}
write_port = 0xf7; /*make Row0(D3) Gnd and keep other row(D0-D2) high*/
col_loc = read_port & 0xf0; /*Read Status of PORT for finding Row*/
temp_col=col_loc;
if(col_loc!=0xf0)
{
rowloc=3; /*If condition satisfied get Row no. of key pressed*/
while(temp_col!=0xf0) /*Wait for key to release*/
{
temp_col = read_port & 0xf0;/*Read Status of PORT for checking key release or not*/
}
break;
}
}
while(1)
{
if(col_loc==0xe0)
{
lcd_data(keypad[rowloc][0]); /*Display Keypad location on LCD*/
return keypad[rowloc][0]; /*Return key pressed value to calling function*/
}
else
if(col_loc==0xd0)
{
lcd_data(keypad[rowloc][1]); /*Display Keypad location on LCD*/
return keypad[rowloc][1]; /*Return key pressed value to calling function*/
}
else
if(col_loc==0xb0)
{
lcd_data(keypad[rowloc][2]); /*Display Keypad location on LCD*/
return keypad[rowloc][2]; /*Return key pressed value to calling function*/
}
else
{
lcd_data(keypad[rowloc][3]); /*Display Keypad location on LCD*/
return keypad[rowloc][3]; /*Return key pressed value to calling function*/
}
}
MSdelay(300);
}
//Calculator.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xc.h>
#include "osc_config.h" /*Include Header file for oscillator configuration*/
#include <string.h>
#include "4x4_keypad.h" /*Include Header file for keypad operation*/
#include "LCD_16x2_4bit.h" /*Include Header file for LCD operation*/
void display_float( double );
void main()
{
unsigned int i=0; /*Define variable for indexing of array*/
unsigned long no1,no2; /*Define variable for storing no.*/
unsigned long result=0; /*To store Result of operation*/
double div_result=0; /*Store division float result*/
unsigned char key,operator,flag=0; /*key for key pressed,Operator for '+','-' etc*/
unsigned char op1[10],op2[10],a;
unsigned long output[10],output1[10]; /*variable for Displaying result on LCD*/
OSCCON = 0x72; /*Use Internal Oscillator with Frequency 8MHZ*/
TRISB = 0; /*PORTB as Output Port*/
TRISD = 0xf0; /*PORTD.0-PORTD.3 as a Output Port and PORTD.4-PORTD.7 as a Input Port*/
write_port = 0xf0;
lcd_init(); /*Initialize LCD*/
MSdelay(20);
lcd_print("CASIO"); /*Display string on LCD*/
MSdelay(1000);
lcd_clr(); /*clear display screen*/
MSdelay(20);
while(1)
{
key= keyfind(); /*Call keyfind() function for detecting pressed key*/
MSdelay(30);
if(key!=' ')
{
if(key!='+' && key!='-' && key!='/' && key!='*' && key!='=')
{
if(flag==0)
{
op1[i] = key; /*Assign 1st no string to op1 stored that in array*/
i++;
}
else
{
op2[i] = key; /*Assign 2nd no string to op2 stored that in array*/
i++;
}
}
if(key=='+' || key=='-' || key=='*' || key=='/' )
{
operator=key; /*Store operator*/
i=0; /*For another value enter of 2nd no.*/
flag=1;
}
if(key=='=')
{
no1=atol(op1); /*C function(<stdlib.h>) used to convert string into long integer*/
no2=atol(op2); /*C function(<stdlib.h>) used to convert string into long integer*/
lcd_command(0xc0); /*Start displaying result on 2nd Row and 1st location*/
switch(operator)
{
/*Case for addition operation*/
case '+':
result = no1+no2;
ltoa(output,result,10); /*C function(<stdlib.h>)
convert long integer value to string for display*/
lcd_print(output);
break;
/*Case for Subtraction operation*/
case '-':
result = no1-no2;
ltoa(output,result,10);
lcd_print(output);
break;
/*Case for Multiplication operation*/
case '*':
result = no1*no2;
ltoa(output,result,10);
lcd_print(output);
break;
/*Case for Division operation*/
case '/':
if(no2==0) /*Check for math error*/
{
lcd_clr();
lcd_print("MATH ERROR");
}
else
{
div_result = (float)no1/(float)no2; /*result should be in float */
/*Function used display float value*/
display_float(div_result);
}
break;
default :
break;
}
}
}
else
{
lcd_clr(); /*Clear display screen*/
MSdelay(10);
memset(op1,0,10); /*memset Clear array of no.1 by copying 0 to op1's 10 location*/
memset(op2,0,10); /*Clear array of no.2*/
memset(output,0,10); /*Clear array of output array which display final result*/
break;
}
MSdelay(50);
}
}
void display_float(double div_result)
{
float temp;
unsigned long output[15],output1[15];
temp=div_result - ((int)div_result); /* get value after decimal point i.e. float value*/
temp=100*temp; /*convert it into non-decimal value*/
itoa(output,(int)div_result,10); /*convert value before deciaml point into ASCII value*/
lcd_print(output);
lcd_print("."); /*Display Decimal point*/
itoa(output1,(int)temp,10); /*convert value after deciaml point into ASCII value*/
lcd_print(output1);
}
//LCD_16x2_4bit.c
#include "LCD_16x2_4bit.h"
//****************************Functions********************************
void lcd_init()
{
MSdelay(50);
lcd_command(0x33); /*send for initialization of LCD*/
lcd_command(0x32); /*send for initialization*/
lcd_command(0x28); /*use 2 line and initialize 5*7 matrix in (4-bit mode)*/
lcd_command(0x01); /*clear display screen*/
lcd_command(0x06); /*increment cursor (shift cursor to right)*/
lcd_command(0x0c); /*display on cursor off*/
lcd_command(0x84); /*1st row 1st column i.e. 1st location of of 1st row of LCD*/
MSdelay(50);
}
void lcd_command(unsigned char cmd )
{
ldata= 0xF0 & cmd; /*Send higher nibble of command first to PORT*/
RS = 0; /*Command Register is selected i.e.RS=0*/
EN = 1; /*High-to-low pulse on Enable pin to latch data*/
MSdelay(1);
EN = 0;
MSdelay(5);
ldata= (cmd<<4); /*Send lower nibble of command to PORT */
RS = 0; /*Command Register is selected i.e.RS=0*/
EN = 1;
MSdelay(1);
EN = 0;
MSdelay(5);
}
void lcd_data(unsigned char dat)
{
ldata= 0xF0 & dat; /*Send higher nibble of data first to PORT*/
RS = 1; /*Data Register is selected*/
EN=1; /*High-to-low pulse on Enable pin to latch data*/
MSdelay(1);
EN=0;
MSdelay(5);
ldata= (dat<<4); /*Send lower nibble of data to PORT*/
RS = 1; /*Data Register is selected*/
EN=1; /*High-to-low pulse on Enable pin to latch data*/
MSdelay(1);
EN=0;
MSdelay(5);
}
void lcd_print(char *msg) /*use this function to display string on LCD which prints each element of string*/
{
unsigned char i=0;
while(msg[i]!='\0')
{
lcd_data((unsigned char)msg[i]);
i++;
}
}
void lcd_clr()
{
lcd_command(0x01); /*clear display screen*/
lcd_command(0x80); /*1st row 1st column i.e. 1st location of of 1st row of LCD*/
}
void MSdelay(unsigned int val)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<=val;i++)
for(j=0;j<81;j++); /*This count Provide delay of 1 ms for 8MHz Frequency */
}
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