flask-sqlalchemy or sqlalchemy

Question

I am new in both flask and sqlalchemy, I just start working on a flask app, and I am using sqlalchemy for now. I was wondering if there is any significant benefit I can get from using flask-sqlalchemy vs sqlalchemy. I could not find enough motivations in http://packages.python.org/Flask-SQLAlchemy/index.html or maybe I did not understand the value!! I would appreciate your clarifications.

Answer 1

The main feature of the Flask-SQLAlchemy is proper integration with Flask application - it creates and configures engine, connection and session and configures it to work with the Flask app.

This setup is quite complex as we need to create the scoped session and properly handle it according to the Flask application request/response life-cycle.

In the ideal world that would be the only feature of Flask-SQLAlchemy, but actually, it adds few more things. Check out the docs for more info. Or see this blog post with the overview of them: Demystifying Flask-SQLAlchemy (update: the original article is not available at the moment, there is a snapshot on webarchive).

When I first worked with Flask and SQLAlchemy, I didn't like this overhead . I went over and extracted the session management code from the extension. This approach works, although I discovered that it is quite difficult to do this integration properly.

So the easier approach (which is used in another project I am working on) is to just drop the Flask-SQLAlchemy in and don't use any of additional features it provides. You will have the db.session and you can use it as if it was pure SQLAlchemy setup.

Answer 2

Flask-SQLAlchemy gives you a number of nice extra's you would else end up implementing yourself using SQLAlchemy.

Positive sides on using Flask-SQLAlchemy

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1. Flask_SQLAlchemy handles session configuration, setup and teardown for you.
2. Gives you declarative base model that makes querying and pagination easier
3. Backend specific settings.Flask-SQLAlchemy scans installed libs for Unicode support and if fails automatically uses SQLAlchemy Unicode.
4. Has a method called apply_driver_hacks that automatically sets sane defaults to thigs like MySQL pool-size
5. Has nice build in methods create_all() and drop_all() for creating and dropping all tables. Useful for testing and in python command line if you did something stupid
6. It gives you get_or_404()instead of get() and find_or_404() instead of find() Code example at > http://flask-sqlalchemy.pocoo.org/2.1/queries/

Automatically set table names. Flask-SQLAlchemy automatically sets your table names converting your ClassName > class_name this can be overridden by setting __tablename__ class List item

Negative sides on using Flask-SQLAlchemy

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1. Using Flask-SQLAlchemy will make add additional difficulties to for migrating from Flask to let's say Pyramid if you ever need to. This is mainly due to the custom declarative base model on Flask_SQLAchemy.
2. Using Flask-SQLAlchemy you risk using a package with a much smaller community than SQLAlchemy itself, which I cannot easily drop from active development any time soon.
3. Some nice extras Flask-SQLAlchemy has can make you confused if you do not know they are there.

Answer 3

To be honest, I don't see any benefits. IMHO, Flask-SQLAlchemy creates an additional layer you don't really need. In our case we have a fairly complex Flask application with multiple databases/connections (master-slave) using both ORM and Core where, among other things, we need to control our sessions / DB transactions (e.g. dryrun vs commit modes). Flask-SQLAlchemy adds some additional functionality such as automatic destruction of the session assuming some things for you which is very often not what you need.

Answer 4

The SQLAlchemy documentation clearly states that you should use Flask-SQLAlchemy (especially if you don't understand its benefits!):

[...] products such as Flask-SQLAlchemy [...] SQLAlchemy strongly recommends that these products be used as available.

This quote and a detailed motivation you can find in the second question of the Session FAQ.

Answer 5

As @schlamar suggests, Flask-SqlAlchemy is definitely a good thing. I'd just like to add some extra context to the point made there.

Don't feel like you are choosing one over the other. For example, let's say we want to grab all records from a table using a model using Flask-Sqlalchemy. It is as simple as

Model.query.all()

For a lot of the simple cases, Flask-Sqlalchemy is going to be totally fine. The extra point that I would like to make is, if Flask-Sqlalchemy is not going to do what you want, then there's no reason you can't use SqlAlchemy directly.

from myapp.database import db

num_foo = db.session.query(func.count(OtherModel.id)).filter(is_deleted=False).as_scalar()

db.session.query(Model.id, num_foo.label('num_foo')).order_by('num_foo').all()

As you can see, we can easily jump from one to the other with no trouble and in the second example we are in fact using the Flask-Sqlalchemy defined models.

Answer 6

Here is an example of a benefit flask-sqlalchemy gives you over plain sqlalchemy.

Suppose you're using flask_user.

flask_user automates creation and authentication of user objects, so it needs to access your database. The class UserManager does this by calling through to something called an "adapter" which abstracts the database calls. You provide an adapter in the UserManager constructor, and the adapter must implement these functions:

class MyAdapter(DBAdapter):
    def get_object(self, ObjectClass, id):
        """ Retrieve one object specified by the primary key 'pk' """
        pass

    def find_all_objects(self, ObjectClass, **kwargs):
         """ Retrieve all objects matching the case sensitive filters in 'kwargs'. """
        pass


    def find_first_object(self, ObjectClass, **kwargs):
        """ Retrieve the first object matching the case sensitive filters in 'kwargs'. """
        pass

    def ifind_first_object(self, ObjectClass, **kwargs):
        """ Retrieve the first object matching the case insensitive filters in 'kwargs'. """
        pass

    def add_object(self, ObjectClass, **kwargs):
        """ Add an object of class 'ObjectClass' with fields and values specified in '**kwargs'. """
        pass

    def update_object(self, object, **kwargs):
        """ Update object 'object' with the fields and values specified in '**kwargs'. """
        pass

    def delete_object(self, object):
        """ Delete object 'object'. """
        pass

    def commit(self):
        pass

If you're using flask-sqlalchemy, you can use the built-in SQLAlchemyAdapter. If you're using sqlalchemy (not-flask-sqlalchemy) you might make different assumptions about the way in which objects are saved to the database (like the names of the tables) so you'll have to write your own adapter class.